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莎士比亚在22或23年间共写了37部戏剧，其中只有16部在他生前以4开本盗印版出版。原因是因当时作家将剧本卖给剧团，剧团为垄断便不发表，被盗印的剧本则是由演员口授，或在演出时被人速记下来，故而版本多有遗漏和错误。1623年，莎士比亚去世7年后，曾与他在国王供奉剧团（前身即宫内大臣剧团）共事的演员海明和康德尔收集莎士比亚遗作36部（其中有20部是首次付印），出版了第一个莎士比亚戏剧集，即后人所谓第一对开本，其中的剧目不是按创作年代，而是按喜剧、历史剧和悲剧3类编排的。从18世纪后期开始学者们研究了莎剧的创作年代、分类和分期问题，但说法不一。一般来说，莎士比亚的戏剧创作可分以下3个时期： 第一时期（1590～1600）以写作历史剧、喜剧为主，有9部历史剧、10部喜剧和2部悲剧。9部历史剧中除《约翰王》是写13世纪初英国历史外，其他8部是内容相衔接的两个4部曲：《亨利六世》上 、中、下篇与《理查三世》；《理查二世》、《亨利四世》上、下篇与《亨利五世》。这些历史剧概括了英国历史上百余年间的动乱，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚反对封建割据，拥护中央集权，谴责暴君暴政，要求开明君主进行自上而下改革，建立和谐社会关系的人文主义政治与道德理想。10部喜剧《错误的喜剧》、《驯悍记》、《维洛那二绅士》、《爱的徒劳》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《 温莎的风流娘儿们》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》和《第十二夜》大都以爱情、友谊、婚姻为主题，主人公多是一些具有人文主义智慧与美德的青年男女，通过他们争取自由、幸福的斗争，歌颂进步、美好的新人新风，同时也温和地揭露和嘲讽旧事物的衰朽和丑恶，如禁欲主义的虚矫、清教徒的伪善和高利贷者的贪鄙等。莎士比亚这一时期戏剧创作的基本情调是乐观、明朗的，充满着以人文主义理想解决社会矛盾的信心，以致写在这一时期的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，也洋溢着喜剧气氛。尽管主人公殉情而死，但爱的理想战胜死亡，换来了封建世仇的和解。然而，这一时期较后的成熟喜剧《威尼斯商人》中，又带有忧郁色彩和悲剧因素，在鼓吹仁爱、友谊和真诚爱情的同时，反映了基督教社会中弱肉强食的阶级压迫、种族歧视问题，说明作者已逐渐意识到理想与现实之间存在着难以解决的矛盾。 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莎士比亚在22或23年间共写了37部戏剧，其中只有16部在他生前以4开本盗印版出版。原因是因当时作家将剧本卖给剧团，剧团为垄断便不发表，被盗印的剧本则是由演员口授，或在演出时被人速记下来，故而版本多有遗漏和错误。1623年，莎士比亚去世7年后，曾与他在国王供奉剧团（前身即宫内大臣剧团）共事的演员海明和康德尔收集莎士比亚遗作36部（其中有20部是首次付印），出版了第一个莎士比亚戏剧集，即后人所谓第一对开本，其中的剧目不是按创作年代，而是按喜剧、历史剧和悲剧3类编排的。从18世纪后期开始学者们研究了莎剧的创作年代、分类和分期问题，但说法不一。一般来说，莎士比亚的戏剧创作可分以下3个时期： 第一时期（1590～1600）以写作历史剧、喜剧为主，有9部历史剧、10部喜剧和2部悲剧。9部历史剧中除《约翰王》是写13世纪初英国历史外，其他8部是内容相衔接的两个4部曲：《亨利六世》上 、中、下篇与《理查三世》；《理查二世》、《亨利四世》上、下篇与《亨利五世》。这些历史剧概括了英国历史上百余年间的动乱，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚反对封建割据，拥护中央集权，谴责暴君暴政，要求开明君主进行自上而下改革，建立和谐社会关系的人文主义政治与道德理想。10部喜剧《错误的喜剧》、《驯悍记》、《维洛那二绅士》、《爱的徒劳》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《 温莎的风流娘儿们》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》和《第十二夜》大都以爱情、友谊、婚姻为主题，主人公多是一些具有人文主义智慧与美德的青年男女，通过他们争取自由、幸福的斗争，歌颂进步、美好的新人新风，同时也温和地揭露和嘲讽旧事物的衰朽和丑恶，如禁欲主义的虚矫、清教徒的伪善和高利贷者的贪鄙等。莎士比亚这一时期戏剧创作的基本情调是乐观、明朗的，充满着以人文主义理想解决社会矛盾的信心，以致写在这一时期的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，也洋溢着喜剧气氛。尽管主人公殉情而死，但爱的理想战胜死亡，换来了封建世仇的和解。然而，这一时期较后的成熟喜剧《威尼斯商人》中，又带有忧郁色彩和悲剧因素，在鼓吹仁爱、友谊和真诚爱情的同时，反映了基督教社会中弱肉强食的阶级压迫、种族歧视问题，说明作者已逐渐意识到理想与现实之间存在着难以解决的矛盾。 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","采编审核员":"","分类号":"","出版地":"呼和浩特","索书号":"I561.33/S28-10/6","价格":0,"索书号5":"","索书号6":"","种次字母":"","索书号3":"","责任者一":"","索书号4":"","索书号9":"","翻阅次数":0,"主键码":164188,"索书号7":"","索书号8":"","SUMMARYS":"《莎士比亚戏剧集(共8册)》：莎士比亚，英国诗人、戏剧家。1564年4月23日生于沃里克郡埃文河畔的斯特拉特福镇。其父约翰·莎士比亚经营羊毛、皮革制造及谷物生意，1565年任镇民政官，3年后被选为镇长。莎士比亚幼年在当地文法学校读书，1582年同邻乡农家女安·哈瑟维结婚。1585～1592年莎士比亚经历不详，传说他当过乡村教师、兵士、贵族家仆，并因偷猎乡绅T.路希爵士之鹿逃往伦敦，先在剧院门前为人看马，后逐渐成为剧院杂役、演员并开始剧作生涯。1592年，剧院经理P.亨斯娄首先提到莎士比亚的剧作《亨利六世》上篇。同年，剧作家R.格林在其《千悔得一智》中影射莎士比亚姓氏，并引用《亨利六世》下篇台词，骂莎士比亚是“一只暴发户式的乌鸦”，可见他当时已颇有名望。1594年，他和当时名演员W.坎普、J.伯比奇同属宫内大臣剧团，同当时新贵族骚桑普顿伯爵、埃塞克斯伯爵等均有来往。他的剧团除在天鹅剧场、环球剧场演出外，也到宫廷演出，夏季或瘟疫流行期间，则到外省演出。1596年，莎士比亚以其他名义申请到“绅士”称号及家徽，1597年在斯特拉特福购置了房产，1599年成为环球剧场拥有1／10股份的股东。1610年莎士比亚卖出了他的股份,回乡隐居。1616年4月23日在家乡病逝，葬于镇上的圣三一教堂。 莎士比亚在22或23年间共写了37部戏剧，其中只有16部在他生前以4开本盗印版出版。原因是因当时作家将剧本卖给剧团，剧团为垄断便不发表，被盗印的剧本则是由演员口授，或在演出时被人速记下来，故而版本多有遗漏和错误。1623年，莎士比亚去世7年后，曾与他在国王供奉剧团（前身即宫内大臣剧团）共事的演员海明和康德尔收集莎士比亚遗作36部（其中有20部是首次付印），出版了第一个莎士比亚戏剧集，即后人所谓第一对开本，其中的剧目不是按创作年代，而是按喜剧、历史剧和悲剧3类编排的。从18世纪后期开始学者们研究了莎剧的创作年代、分类和分期问题，但说法不一。一般来说，莎士比亚的戏剧创作可分以下3个时期： 第一时期（1590～1600）以写作历史剧、喜剧为主，有9部历史剧、10部喜剧和2部悲剧。9部历史剧中除《约翰王》是写13世纪初英国历史外，其他8部是内容相衔接的两个4部曲：《亨利六世》上 、中、下篇与《理查三世》；《理查二世》、《亨利四世》上、下篇与《亨利五世》。这些历史剧概括了英国历史上百余年间的动乱，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚反对封建割据，拥护中央集权，谴责暴君暴政，要求开明君主进行自上而下改革，建立和谐社会关系的人文主义政治与道德理想。10部喜剧《错误的喜剧》、《驯悍记》、《维洛那二绅士》、《爱的徒劳》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《 温莎的风流娘儿们》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》和《第十二夜》大都以爱情、友谊、婚姻为主题，主人公多是一些具有人文主义智慧与美德的青年男女，通过他们争取自由、幸福的斗争，歌颂进步、美好的新人新风，同时也温和地揭露和嘲讽旧事物的衰朽和丑恶，如禁欲主义的虚矫、清教徒的伪善和高利贷者的贪鄙等。莎士比亚这一时期戏剧创作的基本情调是乐观、明朗的，充满着以人文主义理想解决社会矛盾的信心，以致写在这一时期的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，也洋溢着喜剧气氛。尽管主人公殉情而死，但爱的理想战胜死亡，换来了封建世仇的和解。然而，这一时期较后的成熟喜剧《威尼斯商人》中，又带有忧郁色彩和悲剧因素，在鼓吹仁爱、友谊和真诚爱情的同时，反映了基督教社会中弱肉强食的阶级压迫、种族歧视问题，说明作者已逐渐意识到理想与现实之间存在着难以解决的矛盾。 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